August 23，《People's Daily》“Maternal and economic observation · Entering the Front Line of Major Projects”The third periodical of the column is entitled《Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area，Another super-large project will cross the Lingdingyang Sea——Solid progress has been made in the construction of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge.》A report of，In nearly a full page.，Describe in detail the west artificial island of Shenzhen-Zhongdao Passage of CCCC、Construction Story of Immersed Tunnel and Lingdingyang Bridge。
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area，Another oneSuper large project
It will cross the Lingdingyang——
Solid progress has been made in the construction of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge.
Pearl River Estuary，Lingdingyang，Flying clouds and relaxing rolls，The blue waves are rippling。
Standing on Ma'an Island, Zhongshan City, Guangdong，The deep-medium passage under construction winds over the deep blue sea.，Sometimes it jumps in the air，From time to time into the sea.，Travel 24 kilometers，Leading to Qianhai, Shenzhen。After the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，This episode“Tunnel、Island、Bridge、Underwater communication”The super-large cross-sea passage will refresh many world records again.。
Look down from a higher perspective，The Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge is 30 kilometers north of Humen Bridge.，It is 31 kilometers south of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.，Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area“A”The key to the main framework of the glyph traffic“A horizontal line”。When it is completed and opened to traffic next year，The journey from Zhongshan to Shenzhen will be shortened from 2 hours to 20 minutes.，It has become the main traffic artery connecting the urban agglomerations on both sides of the Pearl River Estuary.。How to build the super project？“The best in the world”How to create？The other day，Reporters rushed to the construction site to find out.。
Sea Kite
Only four and a half months.，An artificial island the size of 19 football fields was built in the vast open sea.
Summer morning，Seen from a high place，The sea was sparkling，The deep and middle passage is like a huge“Sea Kite”Are fluttering to fly。
Of this kite.“Zheng noodles”It is the west artificial island of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge.。In order to ensure that the waters of Lingdingyang have a navigation capacity of 300,000 tons,，The Shenzhen-Medium Passage adopts the design scheme of the East Tunnel and the West Bridge.。“To the east is the Chunnel.，To the west is the cross-sea bridge.，Let the two hold hands.，First, build an artificial island in the sea.。”Zhang Changliang, Minister of Island Tunnel Engineering Management Department of Shenzhen-Medium Passage Management Center, said.。
In the vast sea，“The first son”How to fall？
“The depth of the open sea is more than 10 meters.，The soft soil layer is tens of meters thick.，Like in‘Water Tofu’Kamitsukushima，The traditional riprap caisson is easy to slide.、Difficult to fix。”Zheng Weitao, Deputy Engineer of Shenzhen-Medium Channel Project Department of CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., said.，The team fully draws on the construction experience of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，A new scheme of large deep-inserted steel cylinder island enclosure is put forward.，The 57 single diameters are equivalent to the length of an international standard basketball court.、Giant 13-story steel cylinder driven into the seabed，Fill the sand again to form an island。
However，The sea does not readily yield to the will of man.。After seabed exploration，The problem lies ahead.。“The seabed structure here is not only thick with silt.，It is also covered with hard interlayers of different depths.，The geological conditions are worse than the construction conditions of the artificial island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.。”Zheng Weitao told reporters，In this bumpy“Water Tofu”On the construction，Position deviation is easy to occur.。
“Geological problems are not solved，Everything is on paper.。”Zheng Weitao pointed to the underwater deep mixing ship not far away.，It is to solve the problem.“Meritorious service”。 Original ，This ship is like a giant blender.，The three drill pipes attached to it can penetrate into the sand layer.、Inject mud、Softening geology，So that that steel cylinder can penetrate the hard sand lay more easily，Accurately reach the design position。
The test went well、The steel cylinder is ready，May 1, 2017，The curtain of building the island was officially opened.——The 10,000-Ton Ship Carries the First Large Steel Cylinder，Slowly driving into the Lingdingyang Sea，Hundreds of construction workers lined up at sea to greet them.。4000t crane ship“Yihang Jintai”Stretch out a long sling，Steadily lift the hydraulic vibration hammer set and the large steel cylinder together，Under the guidance of self-developed positioning system，Place it precisely in the water.。
One sound“Vibrating and sinking begin”，The surface of the ocean suddenly boiled.。“Buzz. Buzz——”The world's largest 12-hammer linkage hydraulic vibration hammer group works simultaneously，Sound like a tripod，The momentum is like a rainbow。More than 3 hours later，The steel cylinder weighing more than 600 tons was steadily inserted into the seabed for more than 10 meters.，The positive position rate of vibration sinking reaches 100%。
“Compared with the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，Longer diameter of deep and medium channel steel cylinder、More weight，The power required for vibration sinking operation is also stronger.。”Zheng Weitao said proudly，The team optimized and transformed on the basis of the original eight-hammer linkage hammer group，A twelve-hammer linkage hammer group is designed and manufactured，The maximum applied gravity reaches 5,900 tons.，The level is ahead of the same industry。In the months after the first steel cylinder was successfully vibrated,，This technology successively“Replica”57 times。“Strong typhoon‘Tian Ge’After crossing the border，We measure for each cylinder，The location has hardly changed.，Both the structure and stability have withstood the test.。”Zheng Weitao said。
September 18, 2017，As the last steel cylinder is vibrated in place，The outer cofferdam of the West Artificial Island is like a pearl and jade outline.“Sea Kite”。Only four and a half months.，In the vast open sea tens of miles offshore.，Build an artificial island the size of 19 football fields out of thin air.，Set a new world record for rapid island formation.。
Undersea embroidery
32 sections of immersed tubes connected end to end、Place on the bottom of the sea，6.The 8-kilometer-long undersea tunnel is under the ocean.“Hold hands”
“Sea Kite”Dance lightly，We need a strong and durable one.“Traction line”——A section as long as 6.8 km undersea tunnel。
According to the channel engineering design，In the tunnel section, 32 immersed tubes should be placed in the deep-sea soft soil layer below 30 meters.，Realize two-way eight-lane traffic on the seabed。This is also the longest and widest steel shell concrete immersed tube tunnel in the world.。
Regardless of the intricate internal structure of each immersed tube，Just look“Body type”，Each standard pipe section is 165 meters long.，It weighs about 80,000 tons.。To take these 32.“Big guy”Sink to the bottom of the sea，End to end、A perfect fit，Ensure that the whole project is within the design life of 100 years.“It's watertight”，The challenge is unprecedented。
Making giant steel shell immersed tube is the first tough battle.。
Outside the mouth of the Pearl River，Niutou Island, Zhuhai，After the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，The largest tunnel immersed tube prefabrication plant in the world has been built here.。“According to the project requirements，We need to guarantee the production of one immersed tube per month.。In this way，The longitudinal movement of the steel shell immersed tube in the factory must be completed within 1 day.。Do this.，Intelligence is the only way out.。”Luo Bing, deputy production manager of Shenzhen-Medium Passage Project of CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., said。
More than 80 seminars、More than 300 drawings、23 times of tackling key problems，A Set of Intelligent Manufacturing Solutions：200 self-developed intelligent trolleys walk synchronously，Carry the steel shell to the pouring area within 4 hours。Immediately after，Intelligent Pouring Robot，Intelligent calculation of pouring speed、Real-time control of concrete blanking height，Allow each compartment to be poured full，Finally, a section of steel shell immersed tube is completed.。
Building an immersed tube is only the first step.。It is nearly 50 kilometers from the immersed tube prefabrication plant to the docking area of the West Artificial Island.，How to float the immersed tube in place，Become a new test。
The project team first proposed，The two installation vessels originally used for the construction of the immersed tube of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge were widened.，Match the width of the immersed tube in the deep and medium channel。However，Because the two ships are unable to sail on their own.，The widened hull shall be towed by tugs on both sides.，However, the width of the existing channel can not meet the navigation requirements of the installation ship and tugboat formation.。If a new self-propelled semi-submersible vessel is built,，The cycle is long，The operation risk is also high.。
What to do？At an expert seminar in 2016，Li Yiyong, then deputy general manager and chief engineer of CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., led the team to be inspired.：Can the two installation vessels be converted into an integral structure?，Through the Lord、The side pushing device makes it have towing power.？
As soon as the train of thought changes, the world is wide.。After more than a year of refinement、Build、Debugging，The world's first submerged-tube floating installation integrated ship“Yihang Jin'an 1”From concept to material object：The captain is 190 meters、75 meters wide、Nearly 15 meters deep，Even if it carries 80000 tons of immersed tube，It can also realize the precise sinking and docking of the immersed tube 50 meters underwater.。
Next is the most severe test.：The first immersed tube is placed at a predetermined position in the depth of the sea.。
June 16, 2020, 2 a.m.，A section of immersed tube weighing 80,000 tons，Pulled from the dock at Niutou Island，It is combined with a 20,000-ton ship.。Accompanied by eight tugboats and maritime vessels，They cross the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.，Enter the Lingdingyang Channel，After seven channel changes,，Overcoming channel grounding in shallow water area、There are many challenges such as high siltation intensity.，Finally arrive at the installation point。
After a long journey，The immersed tube begins“Deep Sea Kiss”：The operator slowly lowers the immersed tube onto the seabed bed through the windlass.，Drain off excess water by hydraulic crimping，Immersed tube and fixed pipe joint“Hold each other tightly”。
Immersed tube from first section“First show”The last section of immersed tube was successfully installed.，Place 32 sections of immersed tube on the seabed，It took three years.。
At noon on June 9 this year，In the integrated ship command hall，More than 150 technicians are standing by.。View through Beidou navigation system，Undersea operations at a glance：The last section of immersed tube is stably placed at the designated position.，The final joint is then pushed out slowly by the Jack system，Followed by pressing、Align、Seal。
“E23 Undocking of pipe section、Floating、The installation is complete，Completion of final joint push-out，The display accuracy of the measuring tower and the diving probe meets the requirements.！”Ning Jinjin, Deputy Chief Engineer of Shenzhen-Medium Passage Project Department of CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., reported excitedly on the spot.。
Nearly 70 hours of tension.，Suddenly it turned into jubilation.。Everyone knows that.，That means，Successful Closure of Shenzhen-Medium Passage Submarine Tunnel，The two cities of Shenzhen and Zhongshan are realized at the bottom of the Lingdingyang Sea“Hold hands”。
In the early morning of June 11th，Fireworks rose from the Lingdingyang Sea to celebrate the victory.，They rise into the air、Cut through the night sky，Reflecting the smiling faces of the onlookers on the sea.。
Thread a needle in the wind
The World's Highest Navigation Clearance Bridge in the Sea Pulled by the World's Highest Anchorage in the Sea，A main cable consisting of 199 steel wire strands is erected at an altitude of 270 meters.
If the tunnel is a hidden underwater one.“Hidden line”，Then the bridge is pulling.“Sea Kite”Soaring into the air“Release the flying line”。
This is not a simple thread.。It is about 17 kilometers long.，Approach bridge from Ma'an Island in Zhongshan，Via Zhongshan Bridge，Cross the Lingdingyang Bridge，Final connection to the West Artificial Island。The Lingdingyang Bridge has a main span of 1666 meters.，It has become the world's largest full-span offshore steel box girder suspension bridge.，It has also become the world's highest navigable clearance sea bridge because of its 270-meter main tower.。
To ensure navigation capacity，Lingdingyang Bridge Ship Navigation Net Up to 76.5 meters，The highest in the world。To achieve such a clear height of navigation，It is necessary to build two higher main towers of the bridge on the Lingdingyang.。
“Long-span suspension bridge，Stronger anchorages are required as load-bearing structures。”Follow the direction of Liao Wenlong, Deputy Manager of Shenzhen-Medium Passage Project Department of CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd.，At the junction of the main cable and the sea，A huge piece of“Weight”Steady in the sea。“The single anchorage of Lingdingyang Bridge weighs 1.7 million tons.，The world's largest anchorage in the sea。It's like the guy at the end of a tug of war.，It is necessary to pull the main cable of the bridge by weight.，Bear the weight of the entire bridge and Vehicles。”
The vast ocean has no support，Where to start?？Build an artificial island，Conversion of offshore construction to onshore construction。The artificial island is connected to a living platform half the size of a football field.，A collection of 130 containers.“ Town ”，It became what the workers said.“Ocean view room”，He stayed for more than four years.。“The longest one.，Haven't been off the island in three months.，Listen to the waves during the day，Look at the stars at night。”Liao Wenlong clearly remembers the days when he went to the island.——April 28 this year，“It was the day when the bridge closed.，All the perseverance is worth it.。”
Anchorage embedded in deep sea，The main tower stands high，Two suspended ropes connect the two tightly.。This rope is the main cable of the bridge.，It's also a suspension bridge.“Lifeline”。
“Want to set up a suspension cable，Take the catwalk first。”Zhang Ping, deputy manager of Shenzhen-Medium Channel Project Department of CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., said，As an aerial construction channel for laying the main cable of the bridge，The catwalk runs through the whole construction process of the superstructure of the suspension bridge.。
Drilled into close proximity to the main tower、A lift five feet square.，Move the construction platform and climb up two flights of stairs.，The reporter came to 270 meters from the sea.、Top of a tower about 90 stories high，The catwalk that is completely in the air comes into view.：The two stretch for 3 kilometers.、An air corridor only 4 meters wide overflying the channel，The steel wire at the bottom is bound into a surface net，Waist railings on both sides。Pluck up your courage，Step forward，White clouds flying overhead，The waves rolled underfoot，I can't help but feel weak in my legs.。
For more than two months.，Construction workers are shuttling back and forth at such a height of 100 meters.，To the bridge“Thread the needle”——199 wire strand，Pull the anchor head one by one.，To traverse the anchor from one end to the other，Final composition diameter 1 m、A main cable strong enough to bear a weight of 150,000 tons。
“Every single one of us.‘Walk a tightrope’The people，And it's the highest in the world.、The longest‘Steel Wire’。”Construction of the bridge began in 2007，This is the seventh suspension bridge that Zhang Ping participated in.，“To build a world-class bridge with the highest construction standards，Everyone、Every single day、There should be no slack in every process.，This is what the Lingdingyang Bridge requires of our bridge builders.。”
At present，All the bridges along the Shenzhen-Medium Passage have been closed.，The construction of ancillary facilities on the bridge deck is being carried out intensively.。Follow the bridge eastward.，Artificial island、The follow-up construction of the undersea tunnel is in full swing.，A huge urban agglomeration connecting the two sides of the Pearl River Estuary“Sea Kite”Leap over the sea，It has become a spectacular scenery in Lingdingyang.。
